Biblical Stewardship Toolkit

Principles and tools from two foundational books on money, giving, and eternity

God and Money

How We Discovered True Riches at Harvard Business School

John Cortines & Gregory Baumer (2016)

Money, Possessions, and Eternity

A comprehensive guide to biblical financial stewardship

Randy Alcorn (Tyndale House, 2003)

8 Combined Core Principles

1

God Owns Everything

(Both books)

Everything we “own” actually belongs to God. We are stewards, not owners. How we handle money demonstrates who we really believe owns it.

2

Money Is a Spiritual Barometer

(MPE)

How a person handles money is a precise indicator of their spiritual condition. Jesus spent more time on this topic than nearly any other because it so accurately reveals the heart.

3

Wealth Is Dynamite

(God & Money)

Money is not inherently good or bad, but it is powerful. As wealth increases, feelings of compassion decrease and entitlement increases. We must harness its power while guarding against corruption.

4

Eternal Over Earthly

(Both books)

This life is brief; eternity is permanent. Every financial decision has eternal consequences. Earthly treasure will always be lost. Heavenly treasure is imperishable.

5

Tithing Is the Floor, Not the Ceiling

(MPE)

The tithe (10%) is the starting point of giving — “training wheels” — not the goal. Grace giving begins after the tithe. The OT giving burden was closer to 23%.

6

Moral Duty to the Poor

(God & Money)

Giving generously to the poor is a moral duty. God has a particularly strong affiliation with the poor, and supporting them reflects God’s nature.

7

Give Voluntarily & Cheerfully

(God & Money)

Giving should be voluntary, generous (even sacrificial), cheerful, and needs-based. God is glorified when we recognize His sovereignty.

8

The Pilgrim Mentality

(MPE)

Christians are pilgrims, not settlers. Material things are temporary provisions for the journey. Wealth can entrench people in this world and make them unresponsive to God’s call.

Synthesized from God and Money (Cortines & Baumer, 2016) and Money, Possessions, and Eternity (Alcorn, 2003)

Scripture Index

Key scriptures from both books, categorized by the 8 Core Principles. Click any row to read the ESV text.

# Reference Description Principle Source

Sources: God and Money (Cortines & Baumer, 2016) and Money, Possessions, and Eternity (Alcorn, 2003)

Spender, Saver, or Servant?

Your money mindset is driven by two factors: your temporal focus and your view on the highest purpose of money. Spenders maximize value today. Savers maximize value in the future. Servants maximize value in eternity.

Giving Priority →
Low Spending
High Spending

The Servant

Limits both consumption and wealth-building. Views money as a blessing to the world in Christ’s name.

“How much do I need to keep?”

The Generous Spender

Enjoys God’s provision generously AND gives generously. Must guard against lifestyle inflation.

“Am I giving proportionally to my blessings?”

The Saver

Limits consumption but accumulates wealth. Views money as security, stability, and “keeping score.”

“How much is enough to feel safe?”

The Spender

Pursues the greatest possible present consumption. Views money as a way to “live it up.”

“How much more can I get?”
Spending / Consumption →

Key Scriptures

Spender
Luke 12:15 — Be on guard against all covetousness; life is not in possessions
Spender
Ecclesiastes 5:10 — He who loves money will not be satisfied with money
Saver
Luke 12:13-21 — Rich Fool stored up treasure for himself but not rich toward God
Saver
Proverbs 23:4-5 — Do not toil to acquire wealth; it sprouts wings and flies away
Servant
Acts 20:35 — It is more blessed to give than to receive
Servant
2 Corinthians 9:7 — God loves a cheerful giver
Servant
Matthew 6:21 — Where your treasure is, there your heart will be also

Source: God and Money, Chapter 5 — The “Three S Framework” (Cortines & Baumer, 2016)

Two Treasuries

“Every financial decision is implicitly a vote for one kingdom or the other.”

Ch. 7 — Two Treasuries, Two Perspectives, Two Masters

Earthly Treasury
  • Temporal, fleeting
  • Moth, rust, and thieves destroy
  • Poor investment — will always be lost
  • Earthly perspective
  • Serving Mammon
“He who lays up treasures on earth spends his life backing away from his treasures. To him, death is loss.”
Heavenly Treasury
  • Eternal, imperishable
  • Nothing can destroy
  • Best possible investment
  • Eternal perspective
  • Serving God
“He who lays up treasures in heaven looks forward to eternity; he’s moving daily toward his treasures. To him, death is gain.”

Key Verse

Matthew 6:19-21 — “Store up treasures in heaven”

Notable Quotes

“Christ’s primary argument against amassing material wealth isn’t that it’s morally wrong, but simply that it’s a poor investment.”

— p. 94

“When Jesus warns us not to store up treasures on earth, it’s not just because wealth might be lost; it’s because wealth will always be lost.”

— MPE

“I have held many things in my hands and I have lost them all. But whatever I have placed in God’s hands, that I still possess.”

— Martin Luther

Source: Money, Possessions, and Eternity Ch. 7 (Alcorn, 2003)

Steward’s Toolkit

Wesley’s Four Questions

Before any purchase, ask yourself:

  1. In spending this money, am I acting as if I owned it, or am I acting as the Lord’s trustee?
  2. What Scripture requires me to spend this money in this way?
  3. Can I offer up this purchase as a sacrifice to the Lord?
  4. Will God reward me for this expenditure at the resurrection of the just?

John Wesley’s purchasing questions, cited by Alcorn in Ch. 10

The Dot and the Line

Your life on earth Eternity →

“I should live today not for the dot, but for the line.”

The Treasure Principle / MPE Ch. 7–9

11 New Testament Giving Principles

From Chapter 13 — Giving: Reciprocating God’s Grace

1 Give 2 Give Generously 3 Give Regularly 4 Give Deliberately 5 Give Voluntarily 6 Give Sacrificially 7 Give Excellently 8 Give Cheerfully 9 Give Worshipfully 10 Give Proportionately 11 Give Quietly

The Conduit Model

“Christians are God’s delivery people, through whom he does his giving to a needy world. We are conduits of God’s grace to others.”

God’s Resources
You (the conduit)
Others in Need
Eternal Impact

Tithing — Training Wheels of Giving

“Tithing isn’t the ceiling of giving; it’s the floor. It’s not the finish line of giving; it’s the starting blocks.”

TitheRecipientReference
LeviticalPriests / LevitesNumbers 18:21, 24
FestivalWorship celebrationDeut. 14:23
Poor (every 3rd year)Orphans, widows, foreignersDeut. 14:28–29

Average OT giving: ~23%/year. NT grace giving goes far beyond.

Ch. 12 — Tithing: The Training Wheels of Giving

Key Scriptures

Click any reference to read the ESV text.

1 Corinthians 4:2 — “It is required of stewards that they be found faithful”
Luke 16:10-12 — “One who is faithful in a very little is also faithful in much”
Matthew 25:21 — “Well done, good and faithful servant”
2 Corinthians 9:6-7 — “Whoever sows bountifully will also reap bountifully…God loves a cheerful giver”
Malachi 3:10 — “Bring the full tithe into the storehouse”

Source: Money, Possessions, and Eternity Ch. 10, 12–13 (Alcorn, 2003)

Spending & Giving

Frameworks from both books for setting a maximum level of spending and directing surplus to Kingdom purposes.

What Is a Spending Finish Line?

The authors of God and Money propose that every Christian prayerfully determine a personal “Spending Finish Line” — a maximum annual spending level that provides a comfortable life without excess. The authors concluded that a universally desired lifestyle falls in the $60,000–$150,000 spending range. Once you cross your finish line, every additional dollar of income is directed toward generosity and Kingdom purposes rather than increased consumption.

Why Set a Finish Line?

  • It answers the central question of the book: “How much do I need to keep?”
  • It protects against lifestyle inflation as income grows.
  • It frees every dollar above the line for generous, cheerful giving.
  • It shifts the mindset from “how much more can I get?” to “how much do I need to keep?”

Graduated Giving

The book teaches that as income increases beyond your finish line, you should give away a greater and greater percentage. Rather than prescribing exact numbers, the authors encourage each person to prayerfully determine their own graduated giving plan — starting with a tithe and increasing generosity as God provides more.

The Lifestyle Ceiling Principle

“Live on a certain amount of money each year, an amount that allows some room for discretionary or recreational spending. All income beyond that I will give to God’s kingdom purposes.”

Giving Priority Framework

Give First
Save Second
Spend Third

Your Lifestyle Ceiling Calculator

When You Exceed Your Ceiling

ScenarioAction
Income increasesKeep lifestyle fixed; give the increase
Windfall / BonusGive the majority immediately
Lifestyle creep temptationAsk Wesley’s four questions
Desire for upgradeAsk: “Will God reward me for this at the resurrection?”
“God doesn’t give us more to increase our standard of living, but to increase our standard of giving.”

Note: The dollar figures from God and Money (2016) have not been adjusted for inflation. Alcorn’s approach is principle-based rather than tied to specific amounts. Use these frameworks as a starting point and adjust prayerfully for your situation.

Key Scriptures

Click any reference to read the ESV text.

Proverbs 30:8-9 — “Give me neither poverty nor riches”
Ecclesiastes 5:10 — “He who loves money will not be satisfied”
Luke 12:15 — “Be on guard against all covetousness”
1 Timothy 6:6-8 — “Godliness with contentment is great gain”
Hebrews 13:5 — “Keep your life free from love of money”
2 Corinthians 8:14 — “Your abundance should supply their need”
2 Corinthians 9:11 — “Enriched in every way to be generous”
Philippians 4:11-13 — “Learned to be content in all situations”

Sources: God and Money Ch. 6–8 (Cortines & Baumer, 2016) and Money, Possessions, and Eternity Ch. 16 (Alcorn, 2003)

Wealth Finish Line

“Never, under any circumstances, accumulate more than 33 times our Spending Finish Line.” The authors set a personal wealth cap at 33x their annual spending (~$3.3M based on $100K spending). Anything above flows to Kingdom purposes.

Tier 1: Emergency Fund

Guideline: Keep 3–6 months’ expenses in an emergency fund
Authors' Line: $40,000 emergency fund
Proverbs 21:20 — The wise store up choice food and olive oil

Tier 2: Consumer Debt Freedom

Guideline: Pay off all consumer debt; pay cash for cars
Authors' Line: Debt-free; cars < $30K each
Proverbs 22:7 — The borrower is slave to the lender

Tier 3: Home Ownership

Guideline: Mortgage payment less than 28% of gross income
Authors' Line: Home value no more than 3–4x annual income
1 Timothy 5:8 — Provide for your household

Tier 4: Retirement Savings

Guideline: Save no more than needed to fund Spending Finish Line from age 67+
Authors' Line: Only what generates Finish Line in perpetuity
Luke 12:13-21 — Rich Fool stored up treasure for himself

Tier 5: Children's Education

Guideline: Open 529 accounts and save according to expected future expenses
Authors' Line: Cover the majority, but not the full totality, of anticipated college expenses
2 Corinthians 12:14 — Parents save for children

Tier 6: Financial Independence

Guideline: ONLY if there is a good, God-honoring reason
Authors' Line: Never more than 33x Spending Finish Line
1 Timothy 6:9 — Those who desire to be rich fall into temptation and a snare

Your Wealth Cap Calculator

When You Exceed Your Cap

ScenarioAction
Net worth approaches capIncrease giving rate; reduce savings rate
Net worth exceeds capGive 100% of excess immediately or via DAF
Income windfallApply graduated giving waterfall; give majority
Investment growth over capRebalance by increasing charitable giving
Life event (new child, medical)Prayerfully adjust cap with community input

Note: The dollar figures and guidelines referenced above are from the book’s 2016 publication and have not been adjusted for inflation. Consider updating them to reflect current purchasing power.

Source: God and Money Ch. 7 — Saving: Investing in the Future (Cortines & Baumer, 2016)